A new innovation paradigm: European cohesion policy and the retreat of public science in countries in Europe's scientific periphery

This article seeks to undertake a critical assessment of the changing position of public science in the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the countries on the periphery of European research. These countries are driven by new innovation paradigm based on entrepreneurship, which are implemented within the European Smart specialization strategy (S3). This article argues that S3 is widely implemented in the cohesion countries and, while it provides substantial resources for science, technology, and innovation, it fails to provide sustainability in the public research sector. This has direct implications for policies concerning innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems. In order to prove the thesis, the article provides theoretical argumentation for emergence of a new innovation paradigm, driven by the rise of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, its incorporation into S3, and a consequent retreat of science policy in favor of entrepreneurial policy. The empirical analysis is focused on the funding trends seen in the business and public research sectors over the last decade (2008–2017), which have clearly shown that S3 has not contributed, despite expectations, to an increase in public expenditure for science. This signifies S3's neglect of public research within entrepreneurial ecosystems and challenges the ability of S3 to reduce wide disparities in research and innovation performance across the European Union. This ultimately endangers the innovation potential of the entrepreneurial ecosystem itself.     

云南省农业科技创新资源配置效率及影响因素研究

[目的]为及时了解云南省农业科技创新的最新动态,充分合理地开发云南省农业科技资源,文章对2002—2016年云南省的农业科技创新资源配置进行研究。[方法]首先分析各个单项指标15年内的变化趋势,分析其对资源配置的影响和作用。再运用DEA模型分析法,将2002—2016年的每个年份作为一个决策单元进行处理,对云南省农业科技创新资源配置效率进行分析。[结果] 2002—2016年云南省农业科技创新资源配置的综合效率为0. 984,并且呈现出不稳定的波动,在2004和2009—2012年出现了配置效率降低的情况。总体来看,资源配置的综合效率大体上是接近于1的水平。处于DEA有效的年份为2002—2003年,2005—2008及2013—2016,属于规模报酬不变的阶段; 2004年属于弱DEA有效阶段,规模报酬则处于上升阶段;处于非DEA有效的有2004年、2009—2012年。[结论]云南省农业科技创新资源的配置效率整体水平处于较高的状态,综合效率值总体上接近于1。有个别年份出现了较小范围的波动,可能与总播种面积的变化有关。综合来看,云南省农业科技创新资源在技术投入、人力资源和农业资金投入逐年的增加,使资源配置效率能够保持在较高的水平,并在出现下降后迅速恢复。     

气候障碍因子对城市绿化适生树种选择的 影响——以上海世博公园为例

通过对上海近30年的气候因子汇总分析，结合对上 海世博公园主要绿化树种生长状况调查和年度生物量计算，通 过典型相关性分析发现，极端高低温、强风和暴雨等5个气候 因子对树木的生长产生了不同程度的影响，有些因子严重阻碍 了树木的正常生长，成为障碍因子。经过10年的绿化实践验 证，上海世博公园对骨干树种的选择，以乡土树种为主，群落 结构较为稳定，且气候障碍因子对乡土树种的影响较小。在引 种外来树种时，采用气候相似植物区系法，结合植物耐寒、耐 热带图，把种源地划分为2个气候带和3个植物区系，并确定了 最南引种线，成功引种了红花槭等20种观花色叶乔木树种。     

全球价值链分工对国际经济周期协同性的影响研究

为考察全球价值链分工的宏观经济效应,本文基于2000—2014年全球102个经济体相关数据,探究了全球价值链贸易对国际经济周期协同性的影响。结果表明,全球价值链贸易深化了国际垂直型分工,显著提升了国际经济周期的协同性;无论是制造业还是服务业价值链贸易,对国际经济周期协同性都具有显著正向影响,侧面反映出服务业也在越来越深入地融入全球分工体系;价值链贸易对国际经济周期协同性的影响效应主要体现于发展中与发达经济体之间,发达经济体之间的经济周期协同性受其影响并不明显。     

Rewilding and restoring cultural landscapes in Mediterranean mountains: Opportunities and challenges

Farmland abandonment and the decline of livestock activity in the Mediterranean mountains have resulted in dramatic landscape changes, including the generalized expansion of shrublands and forests, and the homogenization of the old cultural landscapes. This process has a variety of consequences from ecological, geomorphological and hydrological points of view, as well as from the perspectives of land management and public awareness. An intense debate currently surrounds the discussion and evaluation of rewilding (the process of passively allowing woody encroachment, as well as the reintroduction of large mammals) as an opportunity for enhancing biodiversity and restoring original landscapes after centuries of human activity versus ecological restoration (activities leading to the recovery of degraded ecosystems, including clearing and light human activity). There is no clear consensus regarding the best way to improve the ecological relationships and functioning within an ecosystem. Biodiversity and sustainability can be seen under different levels of human pressure and landscape transformation; total farmland abandonment is not always the best alternative, particularly when local inhabitants aim to sustain themselves using local resources. Many geographers and ecologists consider that extensive stockbreeding in a partially open landscape is a rational way to (i) improve landscape organization, (ii) increase flows and turnover within the ecosystems, (iii) increase the diversity of plants and animals that benefit from a relatively light human presence, and (iv) reduce wildfire risk. However, it has proven challenging for land managers and stockbreeders to clear the best old abandoned fields and “construct” a sustainable, balanced landscape that combines forests, shrublands and open lands. Private landowner involvement and support from the general public is crucial for both funding and the long-term maintenance of benefits. The best old fields should be cleared in the context of high-resolution knowledge of the topography, grassland characteristics, grassland cycles and livestock management. Such efforts are likely to be an excellent opportunity to introduce compatibility between light human activity and increases in biodiversity and sustainability for many marginal mountains, where land abandonment and general forest/shrub recovery are the inevitable tendencies. This paper examines some of the contrasting positions of the scientific community regarding the rewilding or ecological restoration of mountain landscapes, and briefly highlights some experiences in which intentional clearing of old abandoned fields has benefited stockbreeding, biodiversity, runoff generation and wildfire risks. Notably, we describe a sub-Mediterranean valley of the Iberian Range, Northern Spain, as an example. In the long term, we find that the intentional clearing of the best old fields allows the slow organization of a final landscape that will be more useful for local inhabitants, thereby helping to reverse human depopulation in these regions.     

基于中医体质学的康复花园参与性设计 健康增益评价研究

以“PlanT”康复花园的场所设计及志愿者参与性活 动设计为疗愈方法，通过循证实验设计，采用中医体质量表评 价健康增益。研究结果表明：其花园参与性设计对志愿者有不 同的健康增益效果。26.67%的志愿者在参与活动后，曾由偏 颇体质转为平和体质，其中有16.67%转为平和体质并持续到 活动结束。活动结束时，在各体质的亚量表中，志愿者平和质 得分显著高于活动前，8种偏颇体质得分整体均有下降，其中5 种与活动前得分有极显著差异，2种有显著差异。调查问卷结果 表明：志愿者主观认为康复花园参与性设计对健康有明显增益 作用。选择9月采集中医体质量表数据，将实验组与对照组进行 对比，得到实验组转为平和质的人数较对照组高14%，实验组 中有2种体质在活动前后的亚量表分数有显著差异，对照组均无 显著差异。研究表明，康复花园参与性设计对本案例45~70岁 人群的健康增益有效。     

基于减缓热岛效应的公园绿地布局 优化研究

城市化进程加快导致城市热岛效应问题日益突出， 公园绿地在降温方面具有重要作用，如何通过公园绿地布局以 减缓热岛效应是当前值得思考的问题。以福州市主城区为研究 区，利用辐射传输方程和泰森多边形分析城市热岛情况及公园 绿地布局现状，采用P-中值模型结合城市用地规划确定公园 绿地布局优化方案，结果表明：1)福州市主城区的整体温度偏 高，其热岛范围达城市总面积的11.78%；2)共提取福州市主 城区公园绿地47个，总面积为11.11km2，占主城区总面积 的4.47%，公园绿地布局总体不能满足人们的需要；3)利用 P-中值模型对公园绿地供需情况进行分析，得出18个公园绿 地需要优化，其中包括福州动物园、环南公园等12个一级优化 公园绿地，以及屏山公园、琴亭湖公园等6个二级优化公园绿 地；4)结合福州市中心城区用地规划，得到50个潜在公园绿 地建设点，主要集中于城门镇、盖山镇及新店镇。     

俄罗斯“博物馆保护区”的发展、特征及其启示

俄罗斯博物馆保护区兼顾有形与无形文化遗产保护的综合管理，关注人文环境与自然环境的整体保护问题。通过对俄罗斯文化遗产保护体系的梳理，基于博物馆保护区在俄罗斯文化遗产保护体系中的地位，对俄罗斯博物馆保护区的基本概念、分布特征、保护区划和基本分类等内容进行研究。最后，从整合机制和管理机构设置两方面分析中国历史文化街区保护存在的问题，提出作为文化机构的博物馆保护区制度，将为完善中国历史文化街区的保护制度提供必要的借鉴和启示。     

高校公共关系学专业课程体系改革问题研究

公共关系学专业在我国经历了十九年的专业建设,现今已经取得了显著成绩.但专业的课程体系问题一直存在,为了解决这一现实问题,本文从内蒙古高校公共关系学专业课程体系设置的现状人手,分析其存在的不足,提出相应的对策.旨在培养大批符合时代要求的公共关系专业人才.     

The theory and practice of performance measurement

This paper builds on principles and techniques developed in measurement science, as currently understood in physical sciences and engineering, to improve the theory and practice of performance measurement. To do so, it firstly discusses three fundamental positions on measurement, characterized as metaphysical, anti-metaphysical and relativistic. Subsequently, it lays the foundations of a pragmatic epistemology of measurement in both physical and social sciences. Finally, these insights are integrated through the examination of possible advances in both the theory and practice of performance measurement in organizations.